Aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity. It presents as painful ulcers (aphthae) on the oral mucosa. These lesions cause significant discomfort, make eating difficult, and can seriously reduce quality of life. Unlike simple mucosal irritation, aphthae are characterized by intense pain and a tendency to recur.
The exact cause of aphthous stomatitis is not fully understood, but several factors significantly increase the risk of its development. These include stress, weakened immunity, minor trauma to the oral mucosa, and deficiencies of B vitamins, iron, and folic acid.
Aphthae often appear after viral infections, during hormonal fluctuations, in allergic conditions, digestive disorders, or due to genetic predisposition. In some patients, ulcers develop after consuming acidic or spicy foods that irritate the mucosa.
Simple irritation of the oral mucosa usually resolves quickly and rarely causes significant pain.
Aphthous stomatitis, on the other hand, is characterized by painful ulcers with a whitish or yellow coating and a red inflammatory border. Aphthae may appear singly or in clusters and can persist for up to two weeks. In recurrent cases, they return regularly.
The main sign is the sudden appearance of a painful, well-defined ulcer on the inner surface of the lips or cheeks, under the tongue, or on the soft palate. Patients commonly experience burning sensations, pain, and difficulty speaking or chewing. High fever and severe general illness are typically absent.
Mouth rinses help reduce inflammation and promote healing. The most effective options are antiseptic solutions (such as chlorhexidine) and specially formulated therapeutic mouthwashes.
Herbal rinses made from chamomile or sage may provide temporary relief, but they do not replace professional medical products.
Baking soda does not treat aphthous stomatitis and does not speed up healing. While it may temporarily reduce irritation, improper or frequent use can dry out the mucosa and worsen the condition. It should only be used as a supportive measure, not as a primary treatment.
You should consult a dentist if:
Frequent recurrences may indicate immune system issues, gastrointestinal problems, or significant vitamin deficiencies.
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